Class 10 Science – Life Processes | Interactive Visual Revision Notes

📝 Section 1 — Classroom Notes

Real-World Connection: Every morning when you eat breakfast, your body runs all its life processes at once: your digestive system breaks down food, your blood carries nutrients to every cell, your lungs take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, and your kidneys clean your blood. These processes — nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion — never stop, even when you sleep!

🌱 Topic 1: What Are Life Processes?

Living things do special activities.
Eating, breathing, and growing are life processes.
They keep the body alive.
Even sleeping bodies do work inside.
Without these, we would die.

☀ Topic 2: Autotrophic Nutrition

Auto means self. Troph means food.
Plants make their own food.
They use sunlight and CO2.
This process is photosynthesis.
Leaves have green chlorophyll.

🍔 Topic 3: Heterotrophic Nutrition

Hetero means different or others.
Animals eat other organisms for food.
Humans eat plants and animals.
Fungi eat dead things.
We cannot make food ourselves.

🧁 Topic 4: Digestion in Humans

Mouth: teeth chew, saliva breaks starch.
Stomach: acid kills germs, breaks protein.
Small intestine: absorbs food into blood.
Large intestine: absorbs water.
Waste goes out as stool.

💨 Topic 5: Respiration

Respiration breaks food for energy.
Aerobic: uses oxygen, gives more energy.
Anaerobic: no oxygen, gives less energy.
Yeast does anaerobic respiration.
We breathe in O2, breathe out CO2.

❤ Topic 6: Heart and Blood

The heart pumps blood non-stop.
Arteries carry blood away from heart.
Veins bring blood back to heart.
Capillaries are tiny thin tubes.
Blood carries oxygen and food.

💧 Topic 7: Blood and Its Parts

Red blood cells carry oxygen.
White blood cells fight germs.
Platelets stop bleeding.
Plasma is the liquid part.
Blood moves in a loop.

🌿 Topic 8: Transport in Plants

Xylem carries water upward.
Phloem carries food downward.
Roots suck water from soil.
Leaves lose water by transpiration.
This pull moves water up.

🚩 Topic 9: Excretion in Humans

Excretion removes body waste.
Kidneys filter blood to make urine.
Each kidney has many nephrons.
Nephrons are tiny filter units.
Urine goes to bladder, then out.

💡 Topic 10: Why Life Processes Matter

Food gives us energy.
Oxygen helps release that energy.
Blood delivers what cells need.
Waste must go out of the body.
All processes work together.

✏️ Section 3 — Worked Examples

🔶 Example 1: Photosynthesis Equation

What do plants need to make food?

1Plants take in CO2 from air.

2Roots take in water from soil.

3Sunlight + chlorophyll start the process.

✔ Answer: CO2 + Water + Sunlight = Glucose + Oxygen

🔶 Example 2: Why Do We Breathe Faster When Running?

You run fast. You breathe harder. Why?

1Running uses more energy.

2More energy needs more oxygen.

3So lungs breathe faster to get more O2.

✔ Answer: Muscles need more energy. More O2 is needed. So we breathe faster.

🔶 Example 3: Which Side of Heart Has Thicker Wall?

One side of the heart has a thicker wall. Which one?

1Left ventricle sends blood to whole body.

2Right ventricle sends blood to nearby lungs.

3Whole body is farther than lungs.

✔ Answer: Left ventricle has thicker wall. It pumps blood farther.

Word	Meaning
Photosynthesis	Plants making food using sunlight
Chlorophyll	Green colour in leaves that traps light
Autotrophic	Makes own food (plants)
Heterotrophic	Eats others for food (animals)
Digestion	Breaking food into tiny bits
Enzyme	Tiny helper that speeds up digestion
Respiration	Breaking food to release energy
Aerobic	With oxygen, gives lots of energy
Artery	Tube carrying blood away from heart
Vein	Tube bringing blood back to heart
Xylem	Carries water up in plants
Nephron	Tiny filter unit inside kidney

🏠 Section 5 — Take-Home Handout

Part A — Fill in the Blanks

1. Plants make food by __________.

2. Green colour in leaves is __________.

3. Stomach acid breaks __________.

4. __________ carries water up in plants.

5. Kidneys have tiny filters called __________.

Part B — True or False

1. Animals make their own food. ( )

2. Aerobic respiration needs oxygen. ( )

3. Veins carry blood away from heart. ( )

4. Phloem carries food in plants. ( )

5. Lungs help in excretion of CO2. ( )

Part C — Solve

1. Write what goes IN and comes OUT of a leaf.

2. Name the 4 chambers of the heart.

3. What is the difference between artery and vein?

Part D — Match the Columns

Column A	Column B
1. Xylem	a. Filters blood
2. Phloem	b. Carries water up
3. Kidney	c. Pumps blood
4. Heart	d. Carries food down
5. Stomach	e. Breaks protein with acid

Part E — Draw and Label

Draw a simple leaf. Show sunlight, CO2, water going in. Show glucose and O2 coming out. Label all parts.

✅ Detailed Solutions — Section 5 Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks

1. Plants make food by photosynthesis.

2. Green colour in leaves is chlorophyll.

3. Stomach acid breaks protein.

4. Xylem carries water up in plants.

5. Kidneys have tiny filters called nephrons.

Part B: True or False

1. Animals make their own food. → False — Animals are heterotrophs; they get energy by eating other organisms. Only plants (autotrophs) make their own food.

2. Aerobic respiration needs oxygen. → True — Aerobic respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy.

3. Veins carry blood away from heart. → False — Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins bring blood back to the heart.

4. Phloem carries food in plants. → True — Phloem transports dissolved sugars from leaves to all other parts of the plant.

5. Lungs help in excretion of CO₂. → True — Lungs are an excretory organ that removes CO₂ (a metabolic waste product) during breathing.

Part C: Solve

1. Write what goes IN and comes OUT of a leaf.

Sunlight (energy source), CO₂ (through stomata), Water (through xylem from roots)

OUT

Glucose (food stored or used), O₂ (released as a by-product through stomata)

≡

Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

2. Name the 4 chambers of the heart.

Right Atrium (RA) — receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Right Ventricle (RV) — pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Left Atrium (LA) — receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Left Ventricle (LV) — pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

3. Difference between artery and vein:

Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, have thick muscular walls, blood is under high pressure, mostly carry oxygenated blood.

Veins: carry blood back to the heart, have thinner walls with valves, blood is under low pressure, mostly carry deoxygenated blood.

Part D: Match the Columns

1. Xylem → b. Carries water up (transports water and minerals from roots to leaves)

2. Phloem → d. Carries food down (transports glucose from leaves to storage organs)

3. Kidney → a. Filters blood (removes urea and excess water; produces urine)

4. Heart → c. Pumps blood (a muscular organ that circulates blood throughout the body)

5. Stomach → e. Breaks protein with acid (HCl activates pepsin to digest proteins)

Part E: Draw and Label — Leaf Cross-Section

Your diagram should show a leaf with arrows indicating:

Arrows pointing IN: Sunlight (from above), CO₂ (entering stomata), Water (from petiole/xylem)
Arrows pointing OUT: O₂ (leaving through stomata), Glucose (moving down to phloem)
Labels: stomata (tiny pores on leaf surface), chloroplasts (green granules inside cells), xylem (water vessels in midrib), phloem (food vessels)

🌱 Class 10 Science – Life Processes
Original Visual Revision Notes Aligned with the Class 10 Science syllabus. Independently created study material. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NCERT.

📖 What is Inside

📝 Section 1 — Classroom Notes

🌱 Topic 1: What Are Life Processes?

☀ Topic 2: Autotrophic Nutrition

🍔 Topic 3: Heterotrophic Nutrition

🧁 Topic 4: Digestion in Humans

💨 Topic 5: Respiration

❤ Topic 6: Heart and Blood

💧 Topic 7: Blood and Its Parts

🌿 Topic 8: Transport in Plants

🚩 Topic 9: Excretion in Humans

💡 Topic 10: Why Life Processes Matter

🎨 Section 2 — Easy Illustrations

✏️ Section 3 — Worked Examples

🔶 Example 1: Photosynthesis Equation

🔶 Example 2: Why Do We Breathe Faster When Running?

🔶 Example 3: Which Side of Heart Has Thicker Wall?

📋 Section 4 — Cheat Sheet

🏠 Section 5 — Take-Home Handout

Part A — Fill in the Blanks

Part B — True or False

Part C — Solve

Part D — Match the Columns

Part E — Draw and Label

✅ Detailed Solutions — Section 5 Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks

Part B: True or False

Part C: Solve

Part D: Match the Columns

Part E: Draw and Label — Leaf Cross-Section

🃏 Section 6 — Revision Flashcards

🧠 Section 7 — Mind Map

🌱 Class 10 Science – Life ProcessesOriginal Visual Revision Notes Aligned with the Class 10 Science syllabus. Independently created study material. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NCERT.

📖 What is Inside

📝 Section 1 — Classroom Notes

🌱 Topic 1: What Are Life Processes?

☀ Topic 2: Autotrophic Nutrition

🍔 Topic 3: Heterotrophic Nutrition

🧁 Topic 4: Digestion in Humans

💨 Topic 5: Respiration

❤ Topic 6: Heart and Blood

💧 Topic 7: Blood and Its Parts

🌿 Topic 8: Transport in Plants

🚩 Topic 9: Excretion in Humans

💡 Topic 10: Why Life Processes Matter

🎨 Section 2 — Easy Illustrations

✏️ Section 3 — Worked Examples

🔶 Example 1: Photosynthesis Equation

🔶 Example 2: Why Do We Breathe Faster When Running?

🔶 Example 3: Which Side of Heart Has Thicker Wall?

📋 Section 4 — Cheat Sheet

🏠 Section 5 — Take-Home Handout

Part A — Fill in the Blanks

Part B — True or False

Part C — Solve

Part D — Match the Columns

Part E — Draw and Label

✅ Detailed Solutions — Section 5 Take-Home Handout

Part A: Fill in the Blanks

Part B: True or False

Part C: Solve

Part D: Match the Columns

Part E: Draw and Label — Leaf Cross-Section

🃏 Section 6 — Revision Flashcards

🧠 Section 7 — Mind Map

🌱 Class 10 Science – Life Processes
Original Visual Revision Notes Aligned with the Class 10 Science syllabus. Independently created study material. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NCERT.