Class 10 English – Words and Expressions 2 Unit 1

📝 Section 1 — Language Notes

Story in Short — A Letter to God

Lencho is a farmer. He lives in a lonely house.
He needs rain for his corn crop.
Rain and hail destroy all his corn.
He writes a letter to God asking for 100 pesos.
The postmaster collects 70 pesos and sends it.
Lencho thinks 30 pesos were stolen by post office staff.
He writes a second angry letter to God.

Key Vocabulary — Important Words

Hailstorm — storm with balls of ice falling from sky
Desperate — feeling there is no hope at all
Faith — strong belief without proof
Integrity — being honest and having strong values
Naive — simple and trusting, not knowing tricks

Grammar Topic — Relative Clauses

A relative clause gives more detail about a noun.
It starts with: who, which, that, whose, whom
Example: "A tailor is a person who stitches clothes."
The clause "who stitches clothes" tells us about "person".
Use who for people. Use which for things.
Use that for both people and things.

Relative Pronouns — Quick Guide

who — A man who works hard will succeed.
which — I read a book which was very interesting.
that — The dog that bit me was small.
whose — The boy whose bag was lost is my friend.
whom — The girl whom you met is my sister.

Compound Words with "light"

light-fingered — tends to steal things
light-headed — feeling dizzy or faint
light-hearted — cheerful and happy
light-year — distance light travels in one year
light sleeper — wakes up from small sounds
light-duty — not too heavy or intense

Character Comparison — Lencho vs The Tailor

Lencho — simple farmer, honest, has faith in God
The Tailor — cunning, tricks people for personal gain
Lencho does not harm anyone. He just prays.
The tailor uses clever talk to distract and steal.
Both are determined men but for different reasons.

Writing Skill — The Process Approach

Step 1 — Brainstorm: Write all your ideas freely.
Step 2 — Outline: Arrange ideas in order.
Step 3 — Draft: Write the first version.
Step 4 — Revise: Improve ideas and language.
Step 5 — Proofread: Check grammar and spelling.
Step 6 — Final Draft: Write the clean final copy.

Idiomatic Phrases in This Unit

A bunch of crooks — a group of dishonest people
Not to lose heart — not to give up hope
Man versus nature — conflict between human and natural forces
Hard and fast rule — a rule that cannot be broken

✏️ Section 3 — Solved Exercises

Exercise 1 — Fill Relative Clauses

Complete each sentence with a suitable relative clause from the box.

a A tailor is a person who stitches clothes.

b A dictionary is a book which contains the meaning of words.

c The book is about a scientist who won the Nobel Prize.

d What is the name of the player who hit a century?

e I don't like people who tell lies.

f What is the name of the actor who won the best actor award this year?

g Students who believe in hard work should meet the principal.

h Friends thought the tailor who is a crook can cheat anyone.

i Lencho who is faithful thought God would help him.

j Those who believe in hard work will succeed.

k God helps those who help themselves.

Exercise 2 — Words with "light" Compound Words

Choose the correct compound word for each blank.

a A light-year is a unit of distance used to measure distance in space.

b The farmer bought a light-duty truck to transport their produce.

c We had a fairly light-hearted discussion with our colleagues.

d Rita felt dizzy and light-headed after skydiving.

e He is a light sleeper — the slightest noise wakes him up.

Exercise 3 — Editing Lencho's Letter

Each line has a missing word. Add the missing word.

a "Thank you for sending a hundred pesos help."

b "I am very grateful for this kind gesture."

c "You were my only hope and your"

d "help has strengthened my faith in you."

e "This money will help me until the crop comes"

f "and I promise to work hard in the future."

Exercise 4 — Story Sequence (Correct Order)

The story of Lencho — arranged in the right order.

1 Lencho, his wife and children lived in a lonely house in a valley.

2 Their corn field was longing for water.

3 Lencho predicted it will rain and it did. He and his wife were happy.

4 But it rained heavily and hailstorm thrashed his corn field.

5 Lencho felt desperate but believed God would help him.

6 He wrote a letter to God asking for a hundred pesos.

7 He wrote "To God" on the envelope and posted it.

8 The postman and postmaster laughed but were surprised by his faith.

9 The postmaster collected 70 pesos and sent it to Lencho.

10 Lencho found only 70 pesos. He wrote again calling post office workers "crooks".

Exercise 5 — Character Sketch: Lencho vs The Tailor

L Lencho: He is a simple and honest farmer. He loses his crops in a storm. He does not harm anyone. He believes completely in God. He is naive — he trusts without doubt. His prayer shows his innocence.

T The Tailor: He is cunning and deceitful. He uses clever words to distract people. He steals cloth while entertaining customers. He is selfish and greedy. He knows how to use words as tools for deception.

📋 Section 4 — Word Power

Word	Part of Speech	Meaning	Example Sentence
desperate	adjective	feeling hopeless and willing to do anything	She was desperate to find shelter before the storm.
hailstorm	noun	storm with balls of frozen water falling	The hailstorm destroyed the wheat crop overnight.
faith	noun	strong trust without needing proof	His faith in hard work kept him going through failures.
integrity	noun	honesty and having good moral values	A person of integrity never cheats in tests.
beguiling	adjective	charming in a tricky or deceptive way	The beguiling sales pitch made everyone buy the product.
cunning	adjective	clever in a deceptive or sneaky way	The cunning fox tricked the crow into dropping the food.
cordiality	noun	warmth and friendliness in behaviour	The host welcomed guests with great cordiality.
snipping	verb	cutting with short quick strokes	The gardener was snipping the rose bushes with care.
filching	verb	stealing small things in a sneaky way	The child was caught filching coins from the jar.
naive	adjective	simple and trusting, lacking experience	She was naive enough to believe every word he said.
wager	noun / verb	a bet placed on an uncertain outcome	He made a wager that he could finish the race first.
calamity	noun	a sudden event causing great damage	The flood was a calamity for all the farmers in the village.

📄 Section 5 — Practice

Practice 1 — Fill in the Blanks

Fill each blank with the correct relative pronoun: who / which / that / whose / whom

1. She is the girl _______ won the prize.
2. This is the book _______ I was reading last night.
3. I met a man _______ car was parked outside.
4. The village _______ was flooded has now been rebuilt.
5. He is a doctor _______ we all trust greatly.

Practice 2 — True or False

1. Lencho's corn was destroyed by heavy rain and hail. ___
2. Lencho lost all faith in God after the storm. ___
3. The postmaster sent exactly one hundred pesos. ___
4. Lencho thanked the postmaster in his second letter. ___
5. The tailor used clever talk to steal the cloth. ___

Practice 3 — Match Words with Meanings

1. light-year A. a cheerful and happy mood
2. light-hearted B. unit of distance in astronomy
3. light-fingered C. wakes up at the slightest noise
4. light sleeper D. tends to steal things
5. light-headed E. feeling dizzy or faint

Practice 4 — Grammar: Identify the Relative Clause

Underline the relative clause in each sentence below.

1. The farmer who lost his crops wrote a letter to God.
2. I lost the pen that my uncle gave me.
3. The lady whose dog caused trouble refused to leave the bus.
4. God helps those who help themselves.
5. The book which I borrowed is very interesting.

Practice 5 — Writing Prompt

Write 4–5 sentences describing a person you admire. Use the Process Approach. Mention what they do, what qualities they have, and why you admire them.

Answers to Practice Exercises

Practice 1 Answers: 1. who 2. which / that 3. whose 4. which / that 5. whom / who

Practice 2 Answers: 1. True 2. False (he kept faith) 3. False (only 70 pesos) 4. False (he was angry) 5. True

Practice 3 Answers: 1 – B 2 – A 3 – D 4 – C 5 – E

Practice 4 Answers: 1. [who lost his crops] 2. [that my uncle gave me] 3. [whose dog caused trouble] 4. [who help themselves] 5. [which I borrowed]

🃏 Section 6 — Word Flashcards

desperate

Feeling that there is no hope. "Lencho was desperate after the hailstorm."

faith

Strong belief without needing proof. "Lencho had deep faith in God."

beguiling

Charming in a tricky way. "The tailor's beguiling talk kept the trader distracted."

cunning

Clever and sneaky. "The tailor was a cunning man who fooled everyone."

relative clause

A clause that gives more info about a noun. Starts with who, which, that, whose, whom.

light-fingered

Inclined to steal things. "The tailor was known for being light-fingered."

naive

Simple, trusting, not knowing tricks. "Lencho was naive but honest."

process approach

Writing in 6 stages: brainstorm → outline → draft → revise → proofread → final draft.

Unit 1 — A Letter to God Words and Expressions 2 • Class 10 • Different Learner Friendly Notes