Work with Machines and Materials Class 9 — Skill (Kaushal Vikas)
Aligned with the Class 9 Skill (Kaushal Vikas) syllabus. Independently created study material. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NCERT.
Chapter 5 — Unit II — Original Visual Revision Notes
Aligned with the Class 9 Skill (Kaushal Vikas) syllabus. This is original, learner-friendly study material. Not a copy of any textbook. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NCERT. Made for students who learn differently.
Table of Contents
Section 1 — Classroom Notes
Section 2 — Easy Illustrations
Section 3 — Worked Examples
Section 4 — Cheat Sheet
Section 5 — Take-Home Handout
Section 6 — Revision Flashcards
Section 7 — Mind Map
📝 Section 1 — Classroom Notes
🔧 Topic 1: What Are Machines?
Machines help us do work easily.
They save our time and energy.
A bicycle is a simple machine.
Machines can be big or small.
⚙️ Topic 2: Simple Machines
There are six simple machines.
Lever helps us lift heavy things.
Pulley helps us pull things up.
Wheel and axle help things move.
🛠️ Topic 3: More Simple Machines
Inclined plane is a flat ramp.
A screw holds things together tight.
A wedge can cut or split things.
All tools use simple machine ideas.
🧱 Topic 4: Common Materials
Wood comes from trees we cut.
Metal is strong and very hard.
Plastic is light and easy to shape.
Glass is clear and can break easily.
📦 Topic 5: More Materials
Rubber is soft and can stretch.
We use rubber for tyres and bands.
Each material has special qualities.
We pick materials based on the job.
🔨 Topic 6: Workshop Tools
A hammer hits nails into wood.
A screwdriver turns screws in or out.
Pliers grip and hold small things.
A wrench turns nuts and bolts.
🪚 Topic 7: Cutting and Measuring Tools
A saw cuts wood into pieces.
A ruler measures length in centimetres.
A tape measure is long and flexible.
Always measure before you cut anything.
⚠️ Topic 8: Safety Rules
Always wear safety glasses at work.
Keep your tools clean and dry.
Never run in the workshop area.
Ask for help with heavy things.
💪 Topic 9: Properties of Materials
Hard materials do not break easily.
Soft materials can bend and flex.
Some materials conduct heat well.
Some materials do not let water pass.
🎯 Topic 10: Choosing the Right Material
Use wood to make furniture and shelves.
Use metal to make strong bridges.
Use plastic for bottles and boxes.
Use glass to make windows and jars.
🎨 Section 2 — Easy Illustrations
The Six Simple Machines
Common Materials We Use
Workshop Tools
Measuring Tools
Stay Safe in the Workshop
✏️ Section 3 — Worked Examples
💡 Example 1: Identify the Simple Machine
A boy uses a ramp to push a box up. What simple machine is the ramp?
1A ramp is a flat slope going up.
2A flat slope is an inclined plane.
3It makes pushing easier than lifting.
Answer: The ramp is an inclined plane.
💡 Example 2: Pick the Right Material
You want to make a window. Which material will you use?
1Windows must let light come inside.
2The material must be clear and see-through.
3Glass is clear and lets light pass.
Answer: We use glass for windows.
💡 Example 3: Choose the Right Tool
You need to put a nail into wood. Which tool do you use?
1A nail needs to be hit hard.
2We need a tool that can hit.
3A hammer is used to hit nails.
Answer: Use a hammer to hit the nail.
📋 Section 4 — Cheat Sheet
Word
Simple Meaning
Machine
A thing that helps us do work
Lever
A bar that lifts heavy things
Pulley
A wheel with a rope to pull
Wheel
A round part that rolls and moves
Inclined Plane
A flat ramp that goes up
Screw
A twisted nail that holds tight
Wedge
A sharp shape that splits things
Wood
Material from trees, used for furniture
Metal
A hard, strong material like iron
Plastic
A light material we can shape
Glass
A clear material that can break
Rubber
A soft material that can stretch
Hammer
A tool to hit nails into wood
Safety
Being careful so no one gets hurt
📄 Section 5 — Take-Home Handout
Part A — Fill in the Blanks
1. Machines help us do _____ easily.
2. A lever helps us _____ heavy things.
3. Wood comes from _____.
4. Glass is clear and lets _____ pass.
5. Always wear _____ glasses at work.
Part B — True or False
1. A pulley helps us pull things up.
2. Plastic is very heavy and hard.
3. A hammer is used to cut wood.
4. Rubber can stretch and bend.
5. We should run inside the workshop.
Part C — Match the Columns
1. Lever — _____
2. Screw — _____
3. Hammer — _____
4. Glass — _____
5. Rubber — _____
Part D — Answer in One Line
1. Name three simple machines.
2. What is a wedge used for?
3. Why do we wear safety glasses?
Part E — Draw and Label
1. Draw any two tools you know.
2. Draw a lever lifting a box.
🃏 Section 6 — Revision Flashcards
What is a machine?
A machine helps us do work easily.
What does a lever do?
A lever lifts heavy things up.
Name three materials.
Wood, metal, and plastic are materials.
What is a pulley?
A pulley uses a rope to pull up.
Why is glass useful?
Glass is clear and lets light pass.
What does a hammer do?
A hammer hits nails into wood.
What is rubber used for?
Rubber makes tyres and stretchy bands.
Name one safety rule.
Always wear safety glasses at work.
🧠 Section 7 — Mind Map
✅ Answer Guide — Take-Home Handout
Part A — Fill in the Blanks (Answers)
1. Machines help us do work easily. 2. A lever helps us lift heavy things. 3. Wood comes from trees. 4. Glass is clear and lets light pass. 5. Always wear safety glasses at work.
Part B — True or False (Answers)
1. True – A pulley helps pull things up. 2. False – Plastic is light, not heavy. 3. False – A hammer is used to hit nails, not cut wood (a saw cuts wood). 4. True – Rubber can stretch and bend. 5. False – Never run inside a workshop (it is dangerous).
Part C — Match the Columns (Answers)
1. Lever → Helps lift or move heavy things. 2. Screw → Holds and joins parts together. 3. Hammer → Drives nails into wood. 4. Glass → Clear and lets light pass through. 5. Rubber → Stretches and bends easily.
Part D — Answer in One Line (Answers)
1. Three simple machines: Lever, Pulley, and Inclined Plane (also: screw, wedge, wheel-and-axle). 2. A wedge is used to split or separate things (like a knife or axe). 3. We wear safety glasses to protect our eyes from dust, sparks, and flying pieces.
Part E — Draw and Label (Guide)
For drawing tools: draw a hammer (handle + head) or a screwdriver (handle + rod + tip). For lever: draw a seesaw shape — one end has a box being lifted, the middle is the fulcrum (triangle), and the other end is pushed down.